Category Archives: drama

“in fair verona, where we lay our scene”

22 Tuesday Feb 2022

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I am working on a translation of the Shakespearian sonnet that opens the play Romeo and Juliet.

Two households, both alike in dignity,
In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,
From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,
Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.
From forth the fatal loins of these two foes
A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life;
Whose misadventur’d piteous overthrows
Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife.
The fearful passage of their death-mark’d love,
And the continuance of their parents’ rage,
Which, but their children’s end, naught could remove,
Is now the two hours’ traffic of our stage;
The which if you with patient ears attend,
What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.

Since it’s impossible to translate the English rules of what makes a sonnet into Armenian I have simply used prose and so far this is what I have:

Վերոնա կոչվող գեղեցիկ քաղաքում կային երկու մեծ ընտանիքներ, որոնք իրար հետ հին վիճաբանություն ունեին, որը հավերժ պահեցին՝ նոր ոխը դնելով հին վնասվածքների վրա, ձեռքերը թաթախելով միմյանց արյան մեջ։ Այս թշնամիների դժբախտ արգանդից մի զույգ ծնվեց չար աստղի սիրահարվածությամբ, որի վիշտն ու մահը վերջ դրեցին այս դինաստիաների հին ատելությանը: Այս սիրահարների հանդեպ սիրո սարսափազդու անցումը, իրենց խեղճ երեխաներին մահ տված ծնողների կատաղի ոգին մեզ երկու ժամ նյութ է տալիս, որ եթե համբերատար լսեք պակասը, այն կփոխարինեք մեր ջանքերով ու պատրաստակամությամբ։

It is difficult finding people who can or will comment or critique my poor attempts at translation, though I keep hoping that if I post enough attempts someone, somewhere, might read it and offer their own suggestions. Fingers crossed.

onibaba [i,i]

17 Wednesday Mar 2021

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SCENE I.

A semi-dark room scantily furnished. A sliding door opens and the distant chaos of a battle can be heard as two ghosts enter. The first, the soul of the legendary Hangaku Gozen, is dressed in her full samurai armor. The second, Lady Seishin, wears a kimono that might have been stylish 100 years ago and a kabuki fox mask that she never takes off. At the back of the stage is a small fire pit and a small window. Seishin stirs the embers and then stands by the window, peering anxiously out.

SEISHIN.

It is a wild night outside.

HANGAKU.

Help me off with this helmet. Is the rain still coming down?

SEISHIN.

In torrents. I cannot see the other side of the road.

HANGAKU.

That’s good.

SEISHIN.

If not being able to see someone ten feet away is good, then hai. Luck is with us. Should I put the oil wick in the window?

HANGAKU.

[Sitting down next to fire with her helmet in her hands.] Why? No. Only when we hear her order a retreat. That’s what she said.

SEISHIN.

But on a night like this she may have pulled the troop all the way back to Kyoto and we’ll never know.

HANGAKU.

Do not be so querulous, you cranky fox.

SEISHIN.

This isn’t me being cranky. Something is about to happen. Listen to the wind sobbing around the house … a lost soul that we’re refusing to let enter.

HANGAKU.

Why would we do that? The wind loves us.

SEISHIN.

The wind puts up with us. Ever since— What was that?

HANGAKU.

[Listens.] It is our message, I think. [Listens harder.] Something is coming. Douse the fire.

[The room is reduced once more to semi-darkness.]

SEISHIN.

Shouldn’t we—?

[This time the sound is heard by both women. Someone or something in groaning in the dark. They stand as the door slides open and Jiutian Xuannu enters.]

XUANNU.

Cousins, why are we wasting time here? I was going to call retreat but those stupid Takahashi samurai are milling about right over there and look so smite-able.

HANGAKU.

But who is going to do the smiting? You?

XUANNU.

You look sad, cousin. We’re shadows, azure-

eyed, made from lust and stardust and despise

blood and afterbirth. Fools fear our power

to peel off our pelts. Fools fear change, disguise,

the way floods deform and do not deform

dry earth. But, cousin, what use are nightmares

if you can wake up? Why try to transform

when we can slaughter? We don’t need more snares

fools keep slipping free from. Call Onibaba.

She’s a friend. She has farseeing vision

and short cruel knives. Fools call her, “Hag with Tusks

and Fangs Chitter-Chatting in her Vulva.”

Fools fear her carnage; her love of carrion;

how she sucks both down to their very husks.

HANGAKU.

Fetch her.

[Jiutian Xuannu exits.]

HANGAKU [cont.]

But first, let’s test her skills. Seishin, you pretend to be me.

SEISHIN.

I’m not a ghost. I think she’ll notice.

[Jiutian Xuannu, Onibaba and Kijo all enter.]

SEISHIN.

Ah, Lady Onibaba. Chrysanthemum in the Legion of Flowers. Mire in the Order of Tenacity. Chalice of Malice. Fury of the Divine Crest. It is I, your Lady Hangaku!

ONIBABA.

Xuannu, I find it odd that the, “Terror of Genpei,” would be both Jiuzhou and alive.

XUANNU.

[Aside.] That was the worst Hangaku impersonation I’ve ever seen.

HANGAKU.

Lady Onibaba, please forgive me for being cautious. Who is this?

ONIBABA.

[Indicating Kijo.] My daughter, Lady Kijo.

HANGAKU.

[Incredulous.] You had sex?

ONIBABA.

Hai.

HANGAKU.

[Skeptical.] With a mortal?

ONIBABA.

Hai.

HANGAKU.

[Scandalized.] O my, you nanty narking chuckabog.

ONIBABA.

I don’t think you brought me all this way to make snide comments about my lovers.

[A loud moaning begins from outside and the wind rattles against the hut’s walls.]

ONIBABA [cont.]

The dusk wails and you pray for Onibaba

to smite souls. It’s fitting that twilight

moans for us, glimpsing our hitodama,

our blue-green flames, as we pass in the night,

searching for the spot where we died; where our

blood touched the earth and our hubris melted

when we found out all our sweet truths were sour,

our faiths false. Who claims to know what’s sacred?

How I don’t know. But they’ll kill for it.

You want me to go out and lay the Eight

Ring Curse on those men? Men who love carnage

and their samurai bushido bullshit?

I’ll do it. Saints say hate cannot kill hate.

I say all we are is gristle and rage.

SEISHIN.

[Aside.] These mountain demons can be very tempting with their tongues.

ONIBABA.

Don’t frown, Lady Hangaku. That was you once, too: a butcher. Now you’re just dead and vague.

[The door opens and a little battlefield spirit acting as a messenger enters.]

SENJO BOZU.

[Bowing.] My sovereign. Ladies of the court. I come from the walls of Osaka. Takahashi’s soldiers have stormed our outer defenses. We are now fighting in the streets.

XUANNU.

What sort of necromancers do they have that can breach our spells?

HANGAKU.

I heard that Emagami The Blight was selling herself again, but her skills are pitiful.

XUANNU.

[To Onibaba.] My lady, do you think that we should give up on Osaka, or not?

ONIBABA.

Of course not. Only cowards and monks run away.

HANGAKU.

Yattaaaa! I agree with what she says: we’ll fight it out.

ONIBABA.

Glory is like the ripples on the water. You have given me the task of whipping the Takahashi then I will beat those waters until they froth.

HANGAKU.

Lady Onibaba, drive the living daylights out of Osaka. They says the root of suffering is attachment. I say we beat that koan home on the skulls of Takahashi and his men.

[All exit.]

][][

Notes:

Onibaba is, as her name states, is a red-skinned, white-haired Japanese ogre. She carries a kanabo (Iron war stick) slung over her shoulder.

Hangaku Gozen  was an actual warrior and fought in the Genpei War (1180-1185 AD).

Jiutian Xuannu (Dark Lady of the Nine Heavens) is a Chinese goddess of war, lust and longevity. With long Mandarin robes and her Dadao (“Big sword”) she justifies showing up in this play by saying that she is on holiday.

Seishin kitsune is one of the names used for a fox spirit.

Senjo bozu. A spirit from the battlefield.

Jiuzhou is an ancient name for China.

Hitodama are a pair of blue flames (similar to will o’ the wisps) that accompany a ghost when it manifests.

huli jing [act iii]

29 Sunday Mar 2015

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HULI JING: the 9-tailed fox

[a reworking of Giraudoux’s Ondine]

ACT III

Huli Jing, a 9-tailed fox-spirit.
Jinggu, a Wu-Shaman.
Niu and Qui (Huli Jing’s human parents)
Four 9-Tailed Fox-Spirits(in their true form)

][][

Nighttime in a roadside inn
somewhere in mythological China.
All the characters are in the exact
same places as before.

JINGGU
Huli Jing!

[Jinggu runs out into the rain to look for him.]

NIU [sheepishly]
Well …

QUI [sadly]
Here’s another nice mess we’ve gotten ourselves into.

NIU
I think I’d better tell her everything, don’t you?

QUI
Yes, I think you’d better.

[Jinggu returns, dripping.]

NIU
You’re all wet.

JINGGU
He’s not your son, is he?

QUI
No, madam.

NIU
We had a son, madam, once. But – but he was stolen when he was only six months old.

JINGGU
Who left Huli Jing with you, then?

NIU
We found him, madam, deep in the woods, sleeping between the roots of a tree.

JINGGU
I find that hard to believe. Usually these sorts of things only happen in fairy tales, of the cheaper variety.

QUI
And yet it happened on the very day that we lost our baby. And the mystery has never been solved.

JINGGU [off in her own world]
I’m told that most women go and find a match-maker to arrange these sorts of things, but since I don’t see one lurking in the shadows just now, if Huli Jing calls you mother and father then I would like you to be my in-laws when I marry him!

NIU [horrified]
But … but my lady, are you thinking clearly?

JINGGU
I know, I know. “Traditions must be observed,” and all that nonsense. I’m sure that you think a bold – yet charmingly pretty – wu-shaman of the Court, such as myself, might make an unsuitable daughter-in-law for you, especially in your doddering old age –

QUI [interrupting]
Madam hasn’t drunken too much wine, has she?

NIU [aside]
No, no, it can’t be the wine. Fermented yak spit isn’t that alcoholic!

JINGGU
I’ve never thought more clearly than now – wait, did you just say “yak spit”? Odd, I thought it tasted familiar. Anyway, where was I?

NIU
For once I do not remember what madam was attempting to say.

QUI [helpfully]
Something about marrying our spooky, under-age son?

JINGGU
Indeed! Thank you, father-in-law! I ask you for Huli Jing’s hand, and it’s his hand I’m thinking of, no one else’s. I want that hand to lead me to Court, to bed, even to death.

NIU [trying to be tactful]
One can’t have two beaus, though, madam. You can’t take that many men to bed.

JINGGU [laughing]
Well, there isn’t a law about it yet – [Suddenly realizing what she has just said.] O, damn, I guess there is. Boy, do I hate Confucianism. Anyway, who else are you thinking about?

NIU
Um, Lord Tsu Tia-Chua, my lady?

JINGGU [perking up]
O! Do you know Tsu Tia-Chua, too? What a stroke of luck! Well, obviously, if we both know about that man’s many failures then you can understand exactly why I need to marry Huli Jing!

NIU
But … your ladyship has spent time telling us how perfect he is.

JINGGU
Ah, a passing whim. Yes, yes, I might have gone on about him, and apart from his dreadful posture and a slight tendency to froth at the mouth I’m sure any country yokel would think that he is indeed perfect.

QUI [a bit scandalized]
Madam!

NIU
But my lady, it’s wrong!

JINGGU
Wrong? Look here, Innkeeper Niu, so-called mother-in-law, just answer me a plain question. Once upon a time there was a shaman who set out to look for the one thing in this world that wasn’t stale, flat and unprofitable. Suddenly, in the deep, dark woods she met a boy called Huli Jing. He pulled curious mirrors from the thin air. He tasted her essence and not only was he the most beautiful boy that she had ever seen in her life, but she felt that he was everything gay and sentimental and courageous. She felt that he could do things for her that no other man ever could, talk to the animals, just imagine it, or fly like one of those winged squirrel-things, or climb the tallest tree to pull celestial daisy-chains down from the heavens – I’ve always wanted one of those. And … having seen and felt all that, she bowed deeply to tradition and rode off home to marry a pot-bellied, sour-mouthed crank called Tsu Tia-Chua? Now, tell me, what is that shaman’s name?

NIU
That’s not exactly fair.

JINGGU
I asked you a question. The whole world would consider her an idiot, wouldn’t they?

QUI
But madam, you’re engaged already.

JINGGU
My dear Qui, you don’t seriously imagine that I’d ever marry Tsu Tia-Chua now that I know Huli Jing? Everyday there are brides who wake up after their wedding night loathing the hayseed boy who just took their most precious-precious – wait, isn’t it odd that we’re still calling virginity “precious,” yes?

NIU
My lady, next you’ll be saying that “binding girl’s feet so that they can’t walk” is odd as well.

JINGGU
Pfff. These new fads will never last.

QUI [nudging]
Niu, tell madam!

JINGGU
Yes, please do! If you have any just cause why I won’t make the most loveliest of daughter-in-laws for you, let me hear it!

NIU
Er, my lady, you say that you want to marry our child, Huli Jing. It’s, um, a great honor for us, but, you see, we can’t give you what – what isn’t ours. [To Qui.] That was good, wasn’t it?

QUI
Rather.

JINGGU
Then you must know who his parents are!

NIU
Well, madam, there’s no question of genitor, that’s the whole trouble with Huli Jing. If we hadn’t adopted him, he’d have found someway to live and grow up just the same. He’s never needed our hugs and kisses, and besides, once the trees start moaning you can’t keep him in the house. I don’t know, I suppose wild spirits have a sort of understanding with Nature, you know, by instinct, or maybe Huli Jing’s own blood is bound up in all this great, green horror that’s outside, somehow. But there’s powers about that boy, no doubt of it!

JINGGU [unsure]
So … I must go and ask if Nature will object to me marrying Huli Jing? But Nature didn’t object to your adopting him. Why all this coyness?

QUI
Coyness? We don’t keep him on a leash and chain, madam.

NIU
We don’t even know if he’ll ever come back once he’s had a tandy. Plenty of times he’s disappeared, and we’ve thought we’d never see him again; we’ve looked everywhere, there’s not been a trace of him. He’s never wanted any other clothes, any toys or anything; so when he goes, he leaves nothing behind. It’s as if he’d never been here in the first place – as if we’d dreamed of him. That’s all he is, a dream. There’s no Huli Jing, really. [To Qui.] Do you believe in him, father?

QUI
I believe you’re starting to talk nonsense, mother. Our son is a bit odd, but he’s still our son, with the Forest’s blessing, of course.

JINGGU
Let’s forget it, shall we? About Huli Jing – I’m beginning to wonder myself – perhaps you’re right. I’m in a dream like yourselves.

NIU [as if mesmerized]
Of course, I remember seeing him, all right, our little Huli Jing! I remember his voice and the way he laughed, I can still see him throwing your rabbit out the window, a good half-pound of bunny; but I won’t be surprised if he never comes back now, not with someone hungry for him and all we see of the scamp will be a few little forest storms and queer little twigs, and his only signs of affection will be in the leaves scraping against the window on nights like tonight …

QUI
Please forgive us, madam. The yak spit has gone to my wife’s head!

NIU
Head? Pfff, if only! It was the night that we lost him – the night that we found him. The build-up. The bursting moment. My eyelids quivered –

QUI
I think we ought to go to bed now, madam, if you don’t mind!

NIU
And the moaning! The trees keep moaning, night and day!

QUI
Er, she’s tired out, that’s her trouble. Come along, now, mother-dear! We’ll talk about Huli Jing tomorrow.

NIU
Ah, if only he comes back!

[Niu and Qui exit.]

JINGGU [looking about the dark room]
Well, whether he does or not, I’m going to wait.

[Jinggu settles back in the chair by the fire. Slowly the back wall of the inn becomes transparent, forming an invisible screen, and the first 9-Tailed Fox appears.]

9-TAILED FOX #1
Shaman, mama shaman, take me!

JINGGU [startled]
What?

9-TAILED FOX #1 [pressing itself up against the screen]
Kiss me!

JINGGU
I beg your pardon?

9-TAILED FOX #1
Kiss me, mama shaman!

JINGGU
Kiss you? For all the celestial powers, why?

9-TAILED FOX #1 [beginning to undress]
Shall I come to you naked, mother?

JINGGU
Do whatever you want; it’s none of my affair.

9-TAILED FOX #1
Do you want me on top of you, or should I take you from behind?

[Huli Jing appears through the door, waving away the Fox-Spirit as if it were smoke.]

HULI JING [highly irritated]
O, you’re so stupid! If you knew how silly you looked!

[9-TAILED FOX #1 disappears.]

JINGGU [jumping up and taking Huli Jing in her arms]
My darling Huli Jing! What is going on?

HULI JING
O, it’s one of those jealous neighbors I told you about. They can’t bear you loving me so they’re trying to steal you away. They’re saying that anything other-worldly can seduce you.

JINGGU
I don’t know about other worlds, I like the one we’re in now —

[9-TAILED FOX #2 appears, splaying out its legs and lifting up its robes to its knees.]

9-TAILED FOX #2
Don’t force my legs open! Don’t touch me!

JINGGU [completely aghast]
Is it a demon? What is it talking about?

9-TAILED FOX #2
Don’t touch me, mama shaman! I’m not that sort of toy.

JINGGU
Toy? Are all your neighbors slightly deranged?

HULI JING
They think that if seduction fails, the quickest way is playing innocent. They say mortals all fall for the same tricks.

9-TAILED FOX #2
Don’t put your mouth down there, mama shaman! Don’t stroke my thighs!

JINGGU
I don’t really understand what’s going on. Why would anyone stand outside your window and make lewd comments like that at this time of night?

HULI JING
Why, indeed? O Jinggu, darling Jinggu, never let go of me. Look at that silly fool! — All right, you’ve lost too! You can go now!

[9-TAILED FOX #2 vanishes and 9-TAILED FOX #3 rises up to take its place.]

JINGGU
Great googly moogly, another one!

HULI JING
O, no, this is getting boring! Only two are supposed to come at a time!

JINGGU
Let it stay. It seems to want to say something.

HULI JING
No, make it go away! It’s the Song of the Fox Lovers. No mortal can resist it. O, please …

JINGGU [indulgently]
Go on, wild thing from the wild woods.

9-TAILED FOX #3 [singing]
Mortal of breast and bone,
Do you not find what you see
Gorgeous? Both fore and aft,
In face and form? This I offer
To you … I offer to you …

HULI JING
O, very nice. Splendid.

JINGGU
What do you mean, “splendid?”

HULI JING
You know — childish seduction. Surely, your mountain demons have tempted you with far more?

JINGGU [scratching head]
Well, perhaps, but they were demons — oh, here’s the another one.

[9-TAILED FOX #4 appears next to 9-TAILED FOX #3.]

9-TAILED FOX #4 [singing]
Mortals are wicked,
All the forest know,
And they praise too well
And curse too freely.
And you, Jinggu, mother,
Do you really want a beast
Between your minor arcana
And labia majora?

HULI JING
Have you quite finished?

JINGGU
I don’t know why you’re getting upset, your neighbors in these parts seem to know an awful lot of folk-songs. If they’re going to this much trouble to give us a performance we might as well have the good manners as to listen.

HULI JING
But my kinfolk do this every time one of us falls in love with a mortal. I think it’s part of the small print in the contract.

JINGGU
Really, Huli Jing! You act like you know what’s about to happen.

HULI JING [crawling into Jinggu’s lap]
It’s not much fun, you know, hearing what other people think before they can even get the words out of their mouths. [To the writhing bodies pressed up to the screen.] Go away, do you hear? That’s quite enough!

9-TAILED FOX #2
You’re lost, Huli Jing! You’ve lost!

JINGGU
What have you lost?

9-TAILED FOX #3
Huli Jing has lost the bet! The mortal is holding you in her arms, Huli Jing, but she’s watching us. She’s kissing you, but she’s listening to us. The mortal will deceive you.

HULI JING
What nonsense! Don’t you know how mortals like to declare their love through 3rd person? Anyone can sing songs, but all that makes are fools into poets. That’s all you are: a poet, idiot!

9-TAILED FOX #4
You think mortal love will transform you? It’s not what lays between her legs, foolish pup. It’s her liver and you know it!

HULI JING
Jinggu will save me! Now go away.

9-TAILED FOX #1
We can tell your aunt, then, can’t we? That the pact still holds!

JINGGU
What pact?

HULI JING [ignoring Jinggu]
Yes, you can! I’m done with bitterness and self-hatred! Tell my aunt and then tell all the salamanders and snakes and tree moss and frogs! Tell the whole world, for all I care!

9-TAILED FOX #3
You will never become mortal, little pup! Not like that.

JINGGU
What are they talking about?

HULI JING
Go on! Go and tell my aunt, I dare you!

9-TAILED FOX #4
She’ll know in a minute. You know what will happen once she knows.

HULI JING
I don’t care if she knows! Tell her that I hate her. I hate this world where I’m always alone and can’t be happy.

[All the 9-Tailed Foxes disappears.]

HULI JING [pulling Jinggu’s face close as if to kiss]
You won’t abandon me, will you Jinggu? There has to be a better way than what the pact says. Help me find it, darling and damn anyone who tries to get in the way.

[End of Act III]

][][

notes:

The humor that I find with Jinggu is that she’s completely oblivious that Huli Jing is, in fact, an immortal spirit. Chinese mythology says that the fox is a shape-shifter, able to transform itself into beautiful forms in order to seduce unwary morals. The reason foxes do this are varied, but often it’s done so that they can become human themselves. When the fox is the hero in the story this is accomplished simply by having the mortal fall in love with it. When the fox is the villain then it needs to eat 100 livers to become human.

Actually there are numerous types of Chinese fox spirits; the huli jing (狐狸精), huxian (狐仙or fox immortal) and the jiuweihu (九尾狐 9-tailed fox). Huli Jing thus becomes a proper name and a noun, much like how Giraudoux used the word ondine for the heroine of his story as well as the race that she comes from.

As to how a 9-tailed fox-spirit might look up on stage that is open to debate. In doing research I’ve found that many manga artists simply draw fox-spirits as busty, half-naked women poised seductively in front of what appears to be a huge pea-cock fan of their fox tails, each one as long as the character’s own body. Not only does it look ridiculous but it begs the question of how anyone, immortal or mortal, could move quickly while carrying such a burden. “Quick as a fox” this ain’t. In Janáček’s opera, The Cunning Little Vixen, the soprano wears fox-like make-up and a rather unflattering fur bodysuit. Perhaps there is a happy medium, somewhere, of the two styles.